Cyclops bicuspidatus
| Cyclops bicuspidatus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Female (left) & male (right) C. b. thomasi | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Copepoda |
| Order: | Cyclopoida |
| Family: | Cyclopidae |
| Genus: | Cyclops |
| Species: | C. bicuspidatus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Cyclops bicuspidatus | |
| Subspecies[1][2] | |
| |
| Synonyms [3] | |
|
Diacyclops bicuspidatus (Claus, 1857) | |
Cyclops bicuspidatus -- now considered a member of the genus Diacyclops -- is a species of copepod found throughout the world, except Australia,[4] but relatively rare in North America; it inhabits small perennial and ephemeral ponds and wetlands. Because of earlier taxonomic changes, in North America D. bicuspidatus has been confused with the primarily planktonic Diacyclops thomasi (S.A. Forbes, 1882) and with the primarily benthic D. navus (Herrick, 1882) which were formerly considered as subspecies of D. bicuspidatus but are now considered as separate species. D. thomasi occurs from Alaska to Texas and is characteristic of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America.[5] In contrast to D. bicuspidatus, D. thomasi is a winter or cold water species found throughout the year in the Laurentian Great Lakes with peak abundance occurring in May or June.[5] Males grow up to 0.8–1.0 millimetre (0.031–0.039 in) long, while females are larger at 0.9–1.6 mm (0.035–0.063 in).[6] In North America, D. bicuspidatus has been reported from Canada and the USA as far south as Louisiana [7] whereas D. thomasi has been reported from Alaska and Canada [8] as far south as Morelos Mexico.[9]
Distribution and classification
[edit]D. bicuspidatus has a cosmopolitan distribution, although several of its subspecies are more restricted, possibly representing cryptic species.[10] For example, most specimens from North America can be ascribed to D. b. thomasi[11] (= Diacyclops thomasi),[3] while D. b. limnoria is restricted to Lake Constance.[12] Taxonomy within the group is uncertain, and some subspecies may even belong to different genera.[4]
Ecology
[edit]In the Great Lakes, D. thomasi is herbivorous until the fourth instar and omnivorous thereafter. Its prey includes ciliates, rotifers, small cladocerans, young copepods and fish larvae. In turn, D. thomasi is eaten by fish including the alewife, bass, bloaters, ciscoes, carpsuckers, perch, sculpin, shiners, whitefish and walleyes. In Lake Ontario, the population of D. thomasi declined significantly after the invasive cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi was introduced.
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Cyclops bicuspidatus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ a b Falk Huettman & T. Chad Walter (September 24, 2008). T. C. Walter & G. Boxshall (ed.). "Cyclops bicuspidatus Claus, 1857". World Copepoda Database. World Register of Marine Species.
- ^ a b "Diacyclops thomasi". An Image-Based Key To The Zooplankton Of The Northeast (USA). Version 3.0. University of New Hampshire. Retrieved December 30, 2009.
- ^ a b Giuseppe L. Pesce (January 8, 2009). "Diacyclops Kiefer, 1927, emend. Morton, 1985; Reid et al., 1989". Copepod Web Portal.
- ^ a b Ted P. Andrews (1953). "Seasonal variations in the relative abundance of Cyclops vernalis Fischer, Cyclops bicuspidatus Claus and Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus) in western Lake Erie, from July, 1946, to May, 1948" (PDF). The Ohio Journal of Science. 53 (2): 91–100.
- ^ "Diacyclops bicuspidatus (Claus, 1857)" (PDF). Norsk institutt for Naturforskning. Retrieved December 30, 2009.
- ^ Nasci, R.S., S.G.F. Hare & M. Vecchione. 1987. Habitat associations of mosquito and copepod species. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 3(4):593-600.
- ^ Chengalath, R. & C. t. Shih. 1994. Littoral freshwater copepods of northwestern North America: Northern British Columbia. Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Limnologie 25(4):2421-2431.
- ^ Granados-Ramírez, J.G., R. Trejo-Albarrán, J.L. Gómez-Márquez, M. Martínez-Alaniz & J. Ramírez-Madrid. 2020. Especies del zooplancton de ecosistemas lénticos con posibilidades de uso en la acuicultura. Zooplankton species of lentic ecosystems with possibilities for use in aquaculture. Investigación Agropecuaria 17:9-26.
- ^ V. I. Monchenko (2000). "Cryptic species in Diacyclops bicuspidatus (Copepoda:Cyclopoida): evidence from crossbreeding studies". Hydrobiologia. 417 (1): 101–107. doi:10.1023/A:1003811606429. S2CID 25239892.
- ^ Kenneth B. Armitage and Jerry C. Tash (1967). "The life cycle of Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi S. A. Forbes in Leavenworth County State Lake, Kansas, U.S.A. (Copepoda)". Crustaceana. 13 (1): 94–102. doi:10.1163/156854067x00116. hdl:1808/10711. JSTOR 20102864.
- ^ Giovanni L. Pesce & Diana P. Galassi (1985). "A new cyclopid from groundwater of south Italy: Diacyclops bicuspidatus lucanus n. ssp. (Crustacea: Copepoda)" (PDF). Bulletin Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam. 10 (8): 41–43.