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Portal:Taiwan

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Introduction

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main island of Taiwan, also known as Formosa, lies between the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. It has an area of 35,808 square kilometres (13,826 square miles), with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanized population is concentrated. The combined territories under ROC control consist of 168 islands in total covering 36,193 square kilometres (13,974 square miles). The largest metropolitan area is formed by Taipei (the capital), New Taipei City, and Keelung. With around 23.9 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries.

Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years. Ancestors of Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island around 6,000 years ago. In the 17th century, large-scale Han Chinese immigration began under Dutch colonial rule and continued under the Kingdom of Tungning, the first predominantly Han Chinese state in Taiwanese history. The island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895. The Republic of China, which had overthrown the Qing in 1912 under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen, took control following the surrender of Japan in World War II. The immediate resumption of the Chinese Civil War resulted in the loss of the Chinese mainland to Communist forces, who established the People's Republic of China, and the flight of the ROC central government to Taiwan in 1949. The effective jurisdiction of the ROC has since been limited to Taiwan, Penghu, and smaller islands.

From the early 1960s, Taiwan saw rapid economic growth and industrialization known as the "Taiwan Miracle". In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the ROC transitioned from a one-party state under martial law to a multi-party democracy, with democratically elected presidents beginning in 1996. Taiwan's export-oriented economy is the 21st-largest in the world by nominal GDP and the 20th-largest by PPP measures, with a focus on steel, machinery, electronics, and chemicals manufacturing. Taiwan is a developed country. It is ranked highly in terms of civil liberties, healthcare, and human development.

The political status of Taiwan is contentious. Despite being a founding member, the ROC no longer represents China as a member of the United Nations after UN members voted in 1971 to recognize the PRC instead. The ROC maintained its claim to be the sole legitimate representative of China and its territory until 1991, when it ceased to regard the Chinese Communist Party as a rebellious group and acknowledged its control over mainland China. Taiwan is claimed by the PRC, which refuses to establish diplomatic relations with countries that recognise the ROC. Taiwan maintains official diplomatic relations with 11 out of 193 UN member states and the Holy See. Many others maintain unofficial diplomatic ties through representative offices and institutions that function as de facto embassies and consulates. International organizations in which the PRC participates either refuse to grant membership to Taiwan or allow it to participate on a non-state basis. Domestically, the major political contention is between the Pan-Blue Coalition, who favors eventual Chinese unification under the ROC and promoting a pan-Chinese identity, contrasted with the Pan-Green Coalition, which favors eventual Taiwanese independence and promoting a Taiwanese identity; in the 21st century, both sides have moderated their positions to broaden their appeal. (Full article...)

The Sunflower Student Movement is associated with a protest movement driven by a coalition of students and civic groups that came to a head between March 18 and April 10, 2014, in the Legislative Yuan and later, the Executive Yuan of Taiwan. The activists protested the passage of the Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement (CSSTA) by the then-ruling Kuomintang (KMT) at the legislature without a clause-by-clause review.

The protesters perceived the trade pact with the People's Republic of China would hurt Taiwan's economy and leave it vulnerable to political pressure from Beijing, while advocates of the treaty argued that increased Chinese investment would provide a "necessary boost" to Taiwan's economy, that the still-unspecified details of the treaty's implementation could be worked out favorably for Taiwan, and that to "pull out" of the treaty by not ratifying it would damage Taiwan's international credibility. The protesters initially demanded the clause-by-clause review of the agreement be reinstated but later changed their demands toward the rejection of the trade pact, the passing of legislation allowing close monitoring of future agreements with China, and citizen conferences discussing constitutional amendments. While the Kuomintang was open to a line-by-line review at a second reading of the agreement, the party rejected the possibility that the pact be returned for a committee review. (Full article...)

Selected biography

Chou in July 2023

Jay Chou Chieh-lun (traditional Chinese: 周杰倫; simplified Chinese: 周杰伦; pinyin: Zhōu Jiélún; born 18 January 1979) is a Taiwanese singer-songwriter, actor, director, and businessman. Regarded as one of the most influential artists in the Chinese-speaking world, he is widely referred to as the "King of Mandopop". Chou's works, which often blend Eastern and Western styles, has been recognized for its impact on musical trends in the Greater China region.

Chou signed to Alfa Music in 2000, and made his debut with the studio album Jay (2000). He rose to prominence with his second album Fantasy (2001), which became one of the best-selling albums in Taiwan in the 21st century. Chou incorporated diverse genres such as R&B and alternative rock in albums such as Yeh Hui-Mei (2003) and November's Chopin (2005), as well as influences from traditional Chinese music in works such as Common Jasmine Orange (2004). The latter became the best-selling physical album in mainland China in the 21st century, having sold over 2.6 million copies. (Full article...)

Selected picture - show another

Sun Moon Lake
Sun Moon Lake
Sun Moon Lake in Yuchi, Nantou is a tourist attration that has the largest body of water in Taiwan and is home to the Thao aborigines.

Photo credit: Bernard Gagnon

Good article - show another

This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.

Chai Trong-rong at 2008 CIPFG Global Human Rights Torch Relay in Taiwan

Chai Trong-rong (Chinese: 蔡同榮; pinyin: Cài Tóngróng; Wade–Giles: Ts‘ài4 T‘ung2-jung2; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhòa Tông-êng; June 13, 1935 – January 11, 2014), sometimes known in English as Trong Chai, was a Taiwanese politician.

Born in Japanese-era Taiwan, Chai earned his master's and doctorate degrees in the United States. He was a pro-democracy advocate and founded the Association for a Plebiscite (Chinese: 公民投票促進會; pinyin: Gōngmín Tóupiaò Cùjìnhùi) and Formosa Television. (Full article...)

General images

The following are images from various Taiwan-related articles on Wikipedia.

On this day...

In the news

30 April 2025 – Foreign relations of Taiwan, Somaliland–Taiwan relations
Amid strengthening ties between Taiwan and Somaliland, the Somali government announces a ban on the entry and transit of Taiwanese passport holders through Somalia citing United Nations Resolution 2758 and the One China policy. In response, Taiwan warns its citizens against traveling to Somaliland or Somalia and lodges a protest with the Somali government. (BBC News) (Reuters)
7 April 2025 – Tariffs in the second Trump administration, Executive orders in the second presidency of Donald Trump
Taiwanese president Lai Ching-te states that he does not intend to implement retaliatory tariffs against the United States. He instead expressed Taiwan's intent to import more American exports and increase its investments in the U.S. economy, beginning with a proposal for a Taiwan–U.S. bilateral zero-tariff deal. (NBC News)
1 April 2025 – Cross-strait relations
The Chinese PLA Navy and Air Force conduct large-scale military exercises around Taiwan. At least 19 Chinese warships are deployed, including the aircraft carrier Shandong, marking its closest ever approach to the island. (The Guardian) (Financial Times)

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Portals listed here are related to Taiwan by way of history, Asian region, diplomatic relations with ROC, and significant diaspora of overseas Taiwanese

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