Red cell genotyping
Red cell genotyping,[1][2][3] also known as blood group genotyping,[4][5][6][7] is a molecular technique used to identify genetic variants responsible for antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
Genotyping in transfusion medicine
[edit]Unlike traditional serological testing, which relies on the presence of antibodies to detect antigens, genotyping analyzes DNA to determine an individual's blood group profile with high accuracy. This approach is particularly valuable in complex transfusion cases, such as in patients with multiple alloantibodies, hemoglobinopathies, or recent transfusions that can obscure serological results. Red cell genotyping enhances transfusion safety by enabling precise donor-recipient matching, reducing the risk of alloimmunization, and improving outcomes for patients requiring chronic transfusions, such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia.
The molecular testing of red cell antigens is often handled in conjunction with platelet and neutrophil antigens by professional organizations, such as the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT)[8] and the Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies (AABB).[9]
Blood group genotyping versus Red cell genotyping
[edit]Blood group genotyping refers to the analysis of blood group antigens that are presented on the red cell membrane, including those attached to proteins, the carbohydrate components of glycoproteins and glycolipids, or anchored via Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linker. By October 2024, a total of 366 red cell antigens have been officially recognized by the ISBT, organized into 47 distinct human blood group systems.
Red cell genotyping is preferred over blood group genotyping because it includes all antigens found on the red cell membrane, not just those officially recognized as blood group antigens."
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Avent ND (1998). "Molecular genetic methods: principles and feasibility in transfusion medicine". Vox Sang. 74 Suppl 2: 275–84. doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1998.tb05432.x. PMID 9704457.
- ^ Anstee DJ (2009). "Red cell genotyping and the future of pretransfusion testing". Blood. 114 (2): 248–56. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-11-146860. PMID 19411635.
- ^ Flegel WA, Gottschall JL, Denomme GA (2015). "Integration of red cell genotyping into the blood supply chain: a population-based study". Lancet Haematol. 2 (7): e282–9. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(15)00090-3. PMC 4508019. PMID 26207259.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ McCracken AA, Daly PA, Zolnick MR, Clark AM (1978). "Twins and Q-banded chromosome polymorphisms". Hum Genet. 45 (3): 253–8. doi:10.1007/BF00278724. PMID 570167.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Franco RF, Simões BP, Guerreiro JF, Santos SE, Zago MA (1994). "Molecular bases of the ABO blood groups of Indians from the Brazilian Amazon region". Vox Sang. 67 (3): 299–301. doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01255.x. PMID 7863630.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Lee S (1997). "Molecular basis of Kell blood group phenotypes". Vox Sang. 73 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1046/j.1423-0410.1997.7310001.x. PMID 9269063.
- ^ Flegel WA, Wagner FF, Muller TH, Gassner C (1998). "Rh phenotype prediction by DNA typing and its application to practice". Transfus Med. 8 (4): 281–302. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3148.1998.00173.x. PMID 9881423.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Red Cell Immunogenetics and Blood Group Terminology". ISBT.
- ^ "Standards for Molecular Testing for Red Cell, Platelet, and Neutrophil Antigens". AABB.
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