Jump to content

User:Chefmikesf/sandbox/General Dynamics

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
General Dynamics Corporation
Company typePublic
IndustryAerospace
Defense
Shipbuilding
FoundedFebruary 7, 1899; 126 years ago (1899-02-07)
FounderJohn Philip Holland
Headquarters
Reston, Virginia
,
United States
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Phebe Novakovic
(Chairman and CEO)
Products
Services
RevenueIncrease US$39.350 billion (2019)[1]
Increase US$4.648 billion (2019)[1]
Increase US$3.438 billion (2019)[1]
Total assetsIncrease US$50.258 billion (2019)[1]
Total equityIncrease US$14.716 billion (2019)[1]
Number of employees
104,000 (2020)[2]
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.gd.com

General Dynamics Corporation (GD) is an American aerospace and defense corporation. As of 2019, it was the fifth-largest defense contractor in the United States, and the sixth-largest in the world, by sales.[3] The company ranked No. 92 in the 2019 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.[4] It is headquartered in Reston, Fairfax County, Virginia.[5]

Formed in 1954 with the merger of submarine manufacturer Electric Boat and aircraft manufacturer Canadair,[6] it evolved through multiple mergers and divestitures and changed markedly in the post–Cold War era of defense consolidation. General Dynamics' former Fort Worth Division, which manufactured the F-16 Fighting Falcon, was sold to the Lockheed Corporation in 1993, but GD re-entered the airframe business in 1999 with its purchase of business jet manufacturer Gulfstream Aerospace.[7]

History

[edit]

1899-1920

[edit]

Isaac Leopold Rice bought the Holland Torpedo Boat Company from John Philip Holland in 1899. Holland continued to work at the company as chief engineer. The company was renamed Electric Boat Company. Electric Boat was responsible for designing and buidling the USS Holland, purchased by the United States Navy in 1900 for $300,000 (roughly $11.5M in 2025). Electric Boat also sold modified Holland-class and Plunger-class submarines to the British Royal Navy through the English armaments company Vickers as well as to Japan and Russia. In 1906, Electric Boat won contracts to design C-class submarines but subcontracted the construction to the Fore River Shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts.

Holland passed away in 1914. Lawrence Spear, who replaced him as chief engineer, redesigned the Holland submarine. The submarine redesign replaced the submarine's observation dome with a conning tower, a periscope, and first-of-its-kind torpedo tubes.

In 1911, Electric Boat acquired the New London Ship and Engine Company in Groton, Connecticut, to build parts for submarines, diesel engines, and commercial ships. Isaac Rice died in 1915 and was replaced by his associate Henry Carse. Carse expanded the company with the purchase of several companies, including Electro Dynamics, Elco Motor Yacht, and New London Ship & Engine of Groton, Connecticut. Following the acquisitions, the company was renamed Submarine Boat Corporation. During World War I, the company received orders from the U.S. Navy to build 85 submarines, 722 submarine chasers, and 118 surface ships.

1921-1940

[edit]

In 1924, the Peruvian government ordered two submarines built at the New London Ship & Engine shipyard in Groton, Connecticut. In 1925, Carse reorganized the company, emphasized production of surface ships, and brought back the Electric Boat Company. In 1933, Electric Boat expanded its presence in Groton, Connecticut, by acquiring a second shipyard to build submarines. The USS Cuttlefish was the first submarine built at the Groton Shipyard. In the early 1930s, the U.S. government placed orders for submarines and PT (patrol/torpedo) boats from Electric Boat facilities at Groton and the Elco plant in New Jersey, respectively. Lawrence Spear retired in 1937, replaced by John Jay Hopkins. Hopkins led the company's strong re-emergence as a shipbuilder in World War II.

1941-1960

[edit]

During World War II, Electric Boat and its Elco Yacht and Electro Dynamic subsidiaries mobilized full-capacity production. The sudden production expansion led to a labor shortage. Women filled the open jobs as welders and riveters. During World War II, Electric Boat produced 74 submarines and 398 PT boats. When the war ended in 1945, the Navy reduced its orders for new vessels. The company reduced its workforce from 13,000 to 4,000.

Electric Boat needed to diversify after the war, so John Jay Hopkins searched for other companies to acquire. The Canadian government-owned Canadair suffered the same post-war malaise as Electric Boat. It was up for sale, and Hopkins bought the company for $10 million in 1946. The factory alone was worth more than $22 million, according to the Canadian government's calculations, excluding the value of the remaining contracts for planes or spare parts. However, Canadair's production line and inventory systems were in disorder when Electric Boat purchased by the company. Hopkins hired Canadian-born mass-production specialist H. Oliver West to take over the president's role and return Canadair to profitability. Shortly after the takeover, Canadair began delivering its new Canadair North Star (a version of the Douglas DC-4) and was able to deliver aircraft to Trans-Canada Airlines, Canadian Pacific Airlines, and British Overseas. Airways Corporation (BOAC) well in advance of their contracted delivery times.

Defense spending increased with the onset of the Cold War, and Canadair went on to win many Canadian military contracts for the Royal Canadian Air Force and became a major aerospace company. These included Canadair CT-133 Silver Star trainer, the Canadair Argus long-range maritime reconnaissance and transport aircraft, and the Canadair F-86 Sabre. Between 1950 and 1958, 1,815 Sabres were built. Canadair also produced 200 CF-104 Starfighter supersonic fighter aircraft, a license-built version of the Lockheed F-104.

In 1951, the company was awarded the contract to build the world's first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus (SSN571). The submarine was launched in 1954.

Aircraft production became increasingly important at Canadair, and Hopkins argued that the name "Electric Boat" was no longer appropriate. In 1952, Hopkins established the General Dynamics Corporation as a parent company holding Electric Boat and Canadair.

In 1953, General Dynamics purchased Convair from the Atlas Group. The sale was approved by government oversight with the provision that GD would continue to operate out of Air Force Plant 4 in Fort Worth, Texas. This factory had been set up in order to spread out strategic aircraft production and rented to Convair during the war to produce B-24 Liberator bombers. Convair worked as an independent division inside General Dynamics and, over the next decade, developed the F-106 Delta Dart interceptor, the B-58 Hustler bomber, and the Convair 880 and 990 airliners. Convair also developed the Atlas missile, the U.S.'s first operational intercontinental ballistic missile. Convair led the development of the American nuclear aircraft program, which the Pentagon enthusiastically supported. CEO Hopkins was a strong advocate of nuclear power and its numerous applications, but the nuclear airplane, or 'N-bomber,' was later found to be impractical, and the project was abandoned.

In the late 1950s, General Dynamics hired Erik Nitsche as a graphic designer to develop corporate reports and advertising material designs, including the "Atoms for Peace" series of posters for the 1955 International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva, Switzerland. These designs have become iconic examples of the mid-century modernist graphic design style.

In 1957, Hopkins fell seriously ill and was replaced by Frank Pace later that year. John Naish succeeded Joseph McNarney as president of Convair. In the same year, General Dynamics purchased Liquid Carbonic Corporation in September 1957 and controlled it as a wholly owned subsidiary.

In 1959, the U.S. Navy commissioned Electric Boat to design and build the first fleet ballistic-missile submarine, USS George Washington (SSBN598). The same year, Chicago industrialist Henry Crown became the company's largest shareholder and merged his Material Service Corporation with Gneeral Dynamics in 1959. General Dynamics subsequently reorganized into Eastern Group in New York City and Western Group in San Diego, California, with the latter taking over all of the aerospace activities and dropping the Convair brand name from its aircraft in the process. The board decided to build all future planes in Fort Worth, Texas, ending plane production at Convair's original plant in San Diego, California, but continuing with space and missile development there.

1961-1980

[edit]

In 1961, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara initiated the Tactical Fighter, Experimental (TFX) program to develop a single aircraft design for the Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps.  General Dynamics and Boeing were selected to submit updated designs. McNamara selected General Dynamics' proposal due to the greater commonality between its versions. The Boeing aircraft shared less than half of the major structural components. The F-111's design pioneered variable-sweep wings, after-burning turbofan engines, and automated terrain-following radar for low-level, high-speed flight. General Dynamics continued to develop its version of the F-111 at the former Convair facility in Fort Worth, Texas. The company built 563 F-111s.

In 1962, Roger Lewis was appointed Chairman and CEO of General Dynamics. In 1963, General Dynamics purchased the Quincy Shipbuilding Works from Bethlehem Steel. In 1965, General Dynamics reorganized into 12 operating divisions based on product lines. In 1966, Electric Boat launched the USS Sturgeon (SSN637), the lead ship in the Sturgeon class of attack submarines. In 1970, the board replaced Roger Lewis with former McDonnell Douglas president David S. Lewis as Chief Executive Officer. David S. Lewis relocated the company headquarters to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1971. Later that year, Electric Boat and Newport News Shipbuilding were awarded contracts to co-manufacture the Los Angeles-class submarines. In 1972, Electric Boat received contracts for the design and development of the Ohio-class ballistic missile submarine. Electric Boat developed a new modular process to build the 560-foot submarines. The process remains the industry standard. Construction of the flagship Los Angeles-class attack submarine began the same year. In 1973, General Dynamics established the Quonset Point Facility in North Kingstown, Rhode Island, to provide off-site manufacturing support for the Groton facility. Production began the following year.

The U.S. Air Force initiated the Lightweight Fighter (LWF) program to develop a new fighter aircraft that met the requirements of Major John Boyd's "energy-maneuverability" theory. General Dynamics organized its own version of Lockheed's Skunk Works, the Advanced Concepts Laboratory, and responded with a new aircraft design incorporating advanced technologies. General Dynamics submitted a design in 1972 for a new lightweight fighter, the YF-16. The YF-16 first flew in January 1974 and proved slightly better performance than the Northrop Grumman YF-17 in head-to-head testing. General Dynamics YF-16 was selected as the first Lightweight Fighter for the U.S. Air Force. It entered production as the F-16 Fighting Falcon in January 1975 with an initial order of 650 and 1,388. The F-16 also won contracts worldwide, beating the F-17 in foreign competition. General Dynamics built an aircraft production factory in Fort Worth, Texas to fulfill the contracts. F-16 orders eventually totaled more than 4,600, making it the company's largest aircraft program.

In 1975, General Dynamics Electric Boat broke ground on a land-level submarine construction facility in Groton, Connecticut.

In 1999 the company acquired Gulfstream Aerospace. Here, a Gulfstream G650 departs Bristol Airport, England, in 2014.

Land Systems and Marine Systems focus

[edit]
Main article: General Dynamics Land Systems

In 1976, General Dynamics sold the struggling Canadair back to the Canadian government for $38 million. By 1984, General Dynamics had four divisions: Convair in San Diego, General Dynamics-Fort Worth, General Dynamics-Pomona, and General Dynamics-Electronics. In 1985 a further reorganization created the Space Systems Division from the Convair Space division. In 1985, GD also acquired Cessna. In 1986 the Pomona division (which mainly produced the Standard Missile and the Phalanx CIWS for the navy) was split up, creating the Valley Systems Division. Valley Systems produced the Stinger surface-to-air missile and the Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM). Both units were recombined into one entity in 1992.

Henry Crown, still GD's largest shareholder, died on 15 August 1990. Following this, the company started to rapidly divest its under-performing divisions under CEO William Anders. Cessna was re-sold to Textron in January 1992, the San Diego and Pomona missile production units to General Motors-Hughes Aerospace in May 1992, the Fort Worth aircraft production to Lockheed in March 1993 (a nearby electronics production facility was separately sold to Israeli-based Elbit Systems, marking that company's entry into the United States market), and its Space Systems Division to Martin Marietta in 1994. The remaining Convair Aircraft Structure unit was sold to McDonnell Douglas in 1994. The remains of the Convair Division were simply closed in 1996. GD's exit from the aviation world was short-lived, and in 1999 the company acquired Gulfstream Aerospace. The Pomona operation was closed shortly after its sale to Hughes Aircraft.

In 1995, General Dynamics purchased the privately held Bath Iron Works shipyard in Bath, Maine, for $300 million, diversifying its shipbuilding portfolio to include U.S. Navy surface ships such as guided-missile destroyers.[8] In 1998, the company acquired NASSCO, formerly National Steel and Shipbuilding Company, for $415 million. The San Diego shipyard produces U.S. Navy auxiliary and support ships as well as commercial ships that are eligible to be U.S.-flagged under the Jones Act.[9]

Having divested itself of its aviation holdings, GD concentrated on land and sea products. GD purchased Chrysler's defense divisions in 1982, renaming them General Dynamics Land Systems. In 2003, it purchased the defense divisions of General Motors as well. It is now a major supplier of armored vehicles of all types, including the M1 Abrams, LAV 25, Stryker, and a wide variety of vehicles based on these chassis. Force Protection, Inc. was acquired by General Dynamics Land Systems in November 2011 for $350 million.

General Dynamics UK

[edit]
Main article: General Dynamics UK

In 1997, General Dynamics acquired Computing Devices Ltd based in Hastings, England which had developed avionics and mission systems for the Panavia Tornado, British Aerospace Harrier II and Hawker Siddeley Nimrod.[10][11] In 2001, Computing Devices Canada (CDC) was awarded a contract from the UK Ministry of Defence to supply tactical communication systems for their Bowman program. The work for this was carried out at a newly-established UK headquarters in Oakdale, Wales and the company was renamed General Dynamics UK Limited.[12] Today, it comprises two business units: General Dynamics Land Systems - UK and General Dynamics Mission Systems - UK and it remains one of the UK's leading defense companies, operating out of a total of eight sites across the United Kingdom.[13] It is currently responsible for delivering the General Dynamics Ajax family of armored vehicles, the Foxhound light protected patrol vehicle and the Morpheus communications system to the UK Ministry of Defence.

Recent history

[edit]

10% of General Dynamic stock is owned by the Crown family, which includes Nancy Carrington Crown and Steven Crown. This is the family's largest single asset.[14]

In 2004, General Dynamics bid for the UK company Alvis plc, the leading British manufacturer of armored vehicles. In March the board of Alvis Vickers voted in favor of the £309m takeover. However at the last minute BAE Systems offered £355m for the company. This deal was finalized in June 2004.[15]

On August 19, 2008, GD agreed to pay $4 million to settle a lawsuit brought by the US Government claiming that a GD unit fraudulently billed the government for defectively manufactured parts used in US military aircraft and submarines. The US alleged that GD defectively manufactured or failed to test parts used in US military aircraft from September 2001 to August 2003, such as for the C-141 Starlifter transport plane. The GD unit involved, based in Glen Cove, New York, closed in 2004.[16]

In 2014, the government of Canada announced it had selected the General Dynamics Land Systems subsidiary in London, Ontario, to produce Light Armoured Vehicles for Saudi Arabia as part of a $10 billion deal with the Canadian Commercial Corporation.[17] The sale has been criticized by political opponents because of the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen.[18][19] In December 2018, after Prime Minister Justin Trudeau suggested Canada might scrap the deal, the company warned that doing so could lead to "billions of dollars in liability" and risk the loss of thousands of jobs.[20][21] Trudeau has since said that while he is critical of Saudi conduct, he cannot simply scrap the deal because "Canada as a country of the rule of law needs to respect its contracts."[22] On 30 January 2019, CEO Phebe Novakovic warned investors that the matter had "significantly impacted" the company's cash flow because Saudi Arabia was nearly $2 billion in arrears on its payments.[23]

In 2018, General Dynamics acquired information technology services giant CSRA for $9.7 billion, and merged it with GDIT.[24]

General Dynamics has been accused by groups such as Code Pink and Green America of "making money from human suffering by profiting off the migrant children held at U.S. detention camps"[25] due to its IT services contracts with the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Refugee Resettlement, the government agency that operates shelters for unaccompanied children to include those separated from their families as part of the Trump administration family separation policy.[26][27] The company says it has no role in constructing or operating detention centers, and that its contracts to provide training and technical services began in 2000 and have spanned across four presidential administrations.[28]

It was announced in September 2018 that the U.S. Navy awarded contracts for 10 new Arleigh Burke-class destroyers from General Dynamics Bath Iron Works and Huntington Ingalls Industries.[29]

Former U.S. Secretary of Defense General Jim Mattis re-joined the company's board of directors in August 2019. He had previously served on the board, but resigned and divested before becoming secretary of defense.[30]

In September 2020, General Dynamics announced a strategic counter-drone partnership, providing General Dynamics' global network with access to Dedrone's complete drone detection and defeat technology.[31]

In December 2020, the board of directors for General Dynamics announced a regular quarterly dividend of $1.10, payable on February 5, 2021.[32][33]

On December 26, 2020, General Dynamics confirmed that their business division General Dynamics Land Systems was awarded a $4.6 billion contract by the U.S. Army for M1A2 SEPv3 Abrams main battle tanks.[34][35]

Corporate governance

[edit]

General Dynamics current chairman and chief executive officer is Phebe N. Novakovic.

Board Member Role
Phebe N. Novakovic Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
James S. Crown Lead Director
Rudy F. deLeon Director
Cecil D. Haney Director and Chair, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Mark M. Malcolm Director
James N. Mattis Director
C. Howard Nye Director and Chair, Audit Committee
Robert K. Steel Director and Chair, Sustainability Committee
Catherine B. Reynolds Director and Chair, Finance and Benefit Plans Committee
Laura J. Schumacher Director and Chair, Compensation Committee
John G. Stratton Director
Peter A. Wall Director

Current as of August 2022

Financials

[edit]

For the fiscal year 2021, General Dynamics reported net income of US$3.484 billion, with an annual revenue of US$39.350 billion, an increase of 8.72% over the previous fiscal cycle. General Dynamics's shares traded at over $150 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$43.27 billion in January 2021.[36]

Year Revenue
in mil. US$ 		Net income
in mil. US$ 		Assets
in mil. US$ 		Employees
2005 20,975 1,461 19,700 72,200
2006 24,063 1,856 22,376 81,000
2007 27,240 2,072 25,733 83,500
2008 29,300 2,459 28,373 92,300
2009 31,981 2,394 31,077 91,700
2010 32,466 2,624 32,545 90,000
2011 32,677 2,526 34,883 95,100
2012 30,992 (332) 34,309 92,200
2013 30,930 2,357 35,494 96,000
2014 30,852 2,533 35,337 99,500
2015 31,781 3,036 31,997 99,900
2016 30,561 2,572 33,172 98,800
2017 30,973 2,912 35,046 98,600
2018 36,193 3,345 45,408 105,600
2019 39,350 3,484 48,841 102,900
2020 104,000
2021

Current as of September 2022. [37]

Acquisitions timeline

[edit]

20th-century acquisitions

[edit]
Year Acquisition Business group
1947 Canadair Aerospace
1953 Convair Aerospace
1955 Stromberg-Carlson Combat Systems
1957 Liquid Carbonic Corporation Aerospace
1959 Material Service Corporation
1982 Chrysler's combat systems Combat Systems
1995 Bath Iron Works Marine Systems
1996 Teledyne Vehicle Systems Marine Systems
1997 Advanced Technology Systems Combat Systems
1997 Lockheed Martin Defense Systems Combat Systems
1997 Lockheed Martin Armament Systems Combat Systems
1997 Computing Devices International Technologies
1998 National Steel and Shipbuilding Company Marine Systems
1999 Gulfstream Aerospace Aerospace
1999 GTE Government Systems Technologies
2000 Saco Defense Combat Systems

21st-century acquisitions

[edit]
Year Acquisition Business group
2001 PrimeX Technologies Inc. Technologies
2001 Motorola Integrated Systems Technologies
2001 Galaxy Aerospace Company Aerospace
2001 Santa Bárbara Sistemas Combat Systems
2002 EWK Eisenwerke Kaiserslautern Combat Systems
2003 GM Defense Combat Systems
2003 Steyr-Daimler-Puch Spezialfahrzeug Combat Systems
2003 Veridian and Digital Systems Resources Technologies
2003 Datron's Intercontinental Manufacturing Company Combat Systems
2004 Spectrum Astro Aerospace
2004 MOWAG Combat Systems
2005 MAYA Viz Ltd Technologies
2005 Tadpole Computer Technologies
2005 Itronix Technologies
2006 FC Business Systems Technologies
2006 Anteon International Technologies
2007 Mediaware International Technologies
2008 ViPS, Inc. Technologies
2008 Jet Aviation Aerospace
2009 Axletech International Combat Systems
2010 Kylmar Ltd. Combat Systems
2011 Vangent, Inc. Technologies
2011 Metro Machine Imperial Docks Inc. Marine Systems
2011 Force Protection Inc. Combat Systems
2012 Earl Industries’ Ship Repair Division Marine Systems
2012 Open Kernel Labs Technologies
2012 Applied Physical Sciences Aerospace
2016 Bluefin Robotics Marine Systems
2018 CSRA Inc. Technologies
2018 Hawker Pacific Aerospace
2018 FWW Fahrzeugwerk GmbH Combat Systems

Divestitures

[edit]
Year Divestiture Purchaser
1946 General Atomics Gulf Oil
1953 Liquid Carbonic Corporation Houston Natural Gas Co.
1957 Asbestos Corporation Limited Société nationale de l'amiante (SNA)
1976 Canadair Canadian government
1991 Data Systems Division Computer Sciences Corporation
1995 Tactical Missiles Division Hughes Aircraft Company
1992 Cessna Textron
1993 Fort Worth Division (F-16s) Lockheed Corporation
1994 Space Systems Division Martin Marietta
1994 Convair's aerostructure unit McDonnell Douglas
1997 Electronics Division The Carlyle Group
1998 Material Service Hanson
1999 Freeman United Coal Mining Co. Springfield Coal Co.
1999 Spacecraft development and manufacturing Orbital Sciences Corporation
2000 Advanced Systems MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates

Carbon emissions

[edit]

General Dynamics reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for the 2021 at 696,118 mt (-8.7% year over year) and aims to reducing greenhouse gas emissions 40% by 2034. The company is on track to become Carbon neutral before 2060.

Company annual total CO2e Emissions - Location-Based Scope 1 + Scope 2 (in kilotonnes)

General Dynamics's annual total CO2e Emissions - Location-Based Scope 1 + Scope 2 (in Metric Tons)
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
901,666 817,293 821,773 784,264 794,161 762,200 696,118

Company Demographics

[edit]

In 2021, General Dynamics U.S. workforce was 21% veterans, 23% female, and 27% people of color. The US Department of Labor awarded the company the 2021 HIRE Vets Gold Award.[38]

The company has 26 Employee Resource Groups serving 10 employee segments.[39]

Approximately 20% of the company's employees are represented by labor unions such as International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM), The International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace, and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW).[40]

Independent research published by American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD), U.S. Department of Labor, Military Times, U.S. Veterans Magazine, Professional Women's Magazine, Forbes, and Fortune Magazine selected General Dynamics as a top employer.[41][42]

General Dynamics' community contributions in 2021 were 70% in Education & Social Services, 18% in Arts & Culture, and 12% in Service Member Support.[43][44]

Company outline

[edit]

Business units

[edit]

As of 2019, General Dynamics consists of ten separate businesses as follows:[45]

Aircraft systems

[edit]

Marine systems

[edit]

Missile systems

[edit]

Combat systems

[edit]
M1 Abrams
Stryker
Minigun
Former General Dynamics Pomona Division Phalanx CIWS

Information Systems and Technology

[edit]

Information Systems and Technology represent 34% of the company's revenue.[54]

Launch vehicles

[edit]

Aerospace

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "General Dynamics Corporation 2018 Annual Report (Form 10-K)" (PDF). sec.gov. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. January 2019.
  2. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". General Dynamics
  3. ^ "Top 10 Defense Contractors in the World". CNBC, 2019-01-10, accessed 2019-07-03.
  4. ^ "Fortune 500 Companies 2019". Fortune. Retrieved 2019-07-03.
  5. ^ "Business Units Archived 2015-09-09 at the Wayback Machine." General Dynamics. Retrieved on September 7, 2011. "Corporate Headquarters General Dynamics 2941 Fairview Park Drive, Suite 100; Falls Church, Virginia 22042-4513"
  6. ^ Times, Robert Trumbull Special to The New York (1975-11-29). "GENERAL DYNAMICS TO SELL CANADAIR Ottawa Says It Will Acquire Aircraft‐Manufacturing Unit for $38 Million". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
  7. ^ Wayne, Leslie (1999-05-18). "General Dynamics to Acquire Gulfstream". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
  8. ^ "General Dynamics to Buy Bath Iron Works Shipyard : Defense: The purchase would give the contractor access to $2 billion in orders for Navy ships". Los Angeles Times. 1995-08-18. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
  9. ^ "Defense Giant to Purchase Nassco for $415 Million". Los Angeles Times. 1998-10-09. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
  10. ^ "Transatlantic Defence Industrial Relationship: An Audit and Commentary" (PDF). CNA.org. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  11. ^ Sullivan, Hugh (30 November 2018). "Protest over Hastings Firm's Links to US Child Detention". Hastings Independent. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  12. ^ "Defence firm sets sights on 500 jobs". South Wales Argus. 22 August 2001. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  13. ^ "About Us". General Dynamics UK. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  14. ^ "Crown family". Forbes. Retrieved 2019-09-02.
  15. ^ "BAE outguns US rival with £355m bid for Alvis". The Guardian. 4 June 2004. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  16. ^ Washington Post, "General Dynamics To Settle Suit For $4 Million", August 19, 2008, p. D4.
  17. ^ Cudmore, James (14 February 2014). "General Dynamics Canada wins $10B deal with Saudi Arabia". CBC News. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
  18. ^ De Bono, Norman (30 September 2015). "Union asks NDP to keep Saudi armoured vehicles deal 'under wraps', fearing 'significant' job losses". Postmedia Network. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  19. ^ "Advocates urge Ottawa to cease sales of military goods to Saudi Arabia amid growing backlash against war in Yemen". The Globe and Mail Inc. 20 June 2019.
  20. ^ "General Dynamics warns Canada: Cancelling Saudi deal would cost billions". CBC/Radio-Canada. 18 December 2018.
  21. ^ Ljunggren, David (17 December 2018). "General Dynamics warns Canada: Canceling Saudi deal would cost billions". Reuters. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
  22. ^ "Tension between Canada and Saudi Arabia is now weighing on an American defence giant's earnings | Financial Post". 2019-02-13. Archived from the original on 2019-04-18. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
  23. ^ "General Dynamics reports financial fallout with Saudi Arabia". Press Herald. The Washington Post. Our payment issue got caught up in a larger international political issue, diplomatic issue," Novacovik told investors. "While we got some payment last year, those diplomatic contretemps slowed the payment that we otherwise anticipated.
  24. ^ Mehta, Aaron (2018-04-04). "General Dynamics completes CSRA acquisition". Defense News. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
  25. ^ "General Dynamics: Divest from War & Prisons". CODEPINK. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
  26. ^ Fernholz, Tim. "US defense contractors profit from child detention—and you might, too". Quartz. Retrieved 2018-06-20.
  27. ^ "Job postings offer clues to inner workings of facilities for immigrant children". star-telegram. Retrieved 2018-06-20.
  28. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions| General Dynamics". gd.com. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
  29. ^ MarEx. "U.S. Navy Places Advance Order for 10 New Destroyers". maritime-executive.com. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
  30. ^ Feldscher, Jacqueline. "Jim Mattis rejoining General Dynamics board of directors". POLITICO. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
  31. ^ “General Dynamics Mission Systems and Dedrone Enter Strategic Partnership.” UAS Weekly. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  32. ^ Dynamics, General. "General Dynamics Board Declares Dividend". prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2020-12-27.
  33. ^ Dynamics, General. "General Dynamics Board Declares Dividend". WFMZ.com. Retrieved 2020-12-27.
  34. ^ "General Dynamics confirms $4.6 billion contract for M1A2 SEPv3 Abrams tanks". defence-blog.com. 2020-12-26. Retrieved 2020-12-27.
  35. ^ "General Dynamics Unit Gets $4B Army Contract to Produce Modern Battle Tanks". 2020-12-21. Retrieved 2020-12-27.
  36. ^ "General Dynamics Financial Statements 2005-2019 | GD". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
  37. ^ "General Dynamics Financial Statements 2005-2019 | GD". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
  38. ^ "US Department of Labor announces recipients of 2021 HIRE Vets Medallion Awards | U.S. Department of Labor". www.dol.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  39. ^ "Our People | General Dynamics". www.gd.com. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  40. ^ "General Dynamics | National Labor Relations Board". www.nlrb.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  41. ^ "GDIT Named Among The Washington Post's 2022 Top Workplaces; Amy Gilliland, Tammy Kness Quoted". GovCon Wire. 2022-06-21. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  42. ^ "General Dynamics | GD Stock Price, Company Overview & News". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  43. ^ "General Dynamics Runs Strong Through Pandemic, Donates to Community". www.iberkshires.com. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  44. ^ "GDIT Cares: A Year in Review | GDIT". www.gdit.com. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  45. ^ "SEC Form 10-K". www.sec.gov. 31 December 2018. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
  46. ^ "General Dynamics Land Systems". Archived from the original on 12 February 1997. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  47. ^ "General Dynamics Robotic Systems". gdrs.com.
  48. ^ General Dynamics Robotic Systems – Autonomous Navigation System (ANS) Archived 2015-04-03 at the Wayback Machine
  49. ^ General Dynamics Robotic Systems – Mobile Detection Assessment and Response System (MDARS) Archived 2008-12-20 at the Wayback Machine
  50. ^ General Dynamics Robotic Systems – Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV) Archived 2008-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
  51. ^ General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products (GDATP) Archived 2008-10-04 at the Wayback Machine
  52. ^ "General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems". Gd-ots.com. 2013-10-21. Retrieved 2014-08-17.
  53. ^ About Us – Our Company Archived 2015-02-20 at the Wayback Machine – General Dynamics
  54. ^ "National Security Inc". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 October 2014.

Sources

[edit]
  • Patents owned by General Dynamics Corporation. US Patent & Trademark Office. URL accessed on 5 December 2005.
  • Founder of the Electric Boat Company at the Wayback Machine (archived October 26, 2009) from a GeoCities-hosted website
  • Compton-Hall, Richard. The Submarine Pioneers. Sutton Publishing, 1999.
  • Franklin, Roger. The Defender: The Story of General Dynamics. Harper & Row, 1986.
  • General Dynamics. Dynamic America. General Dynamics/Doubleday Publishing Company, 1960.
  • Goodwin, Jacob. Brotherhood of Arms: General Dynamics and the Business of Defending America. Random House, 1985.
  • Pederson, Jay P. (Ed.). International Directory of Company Histories, Volume 40. St. James Press, March 2001. ISBN 1-55862-445-7. (General Dynamics section, pp. 204–210). See also International Directory of Company Histories, Volume 86. St. James Press, July 2007. ISBN 1-4144-2970-3 (General Dynamics/Electric Boat Corporation section, pp. 136–139).
  • Morris, Richard Knowles. John P. Holland 1841–1914, Inventor of the Modern Submarine. The University of South Carolina Press, 1998. (Book originally copyrighted and published by the United States Naval Institute Press, 1966.)
  • Morris, Richard Knowles. Who Built Those Subs?. United States Naval Institute Press, October 1998. (125th Anniversary issue)
  • Rodengen, Jeffrey. The Legend of Electric Boat, Serving The Silent Service. Write Stuff Syndicate, 1994. Account revised in 2007.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to General Dynamics.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Chefmikesf/sandbox/General_Dynamics&oldid=1288991013"