User:Toadboy123/sandbox
Lu Ruiguang | |
|---|---|
| 陆瑞光 | |
| Born | 1901 |
| Died | 1939 (aged 37–38) |
| Cause of death | Execution |
| Occupation | Revolutionary |
Lu Ruiguang (Chinese: 陆瑞光; 1901–1937) was a Chinese revolutionary of Bouyei ethnicity. He organized armed resistance against warlords in Guizhou in the 1920s and 1930s, and allied with the Chinese Red Army. Executed by Nationalist forces in 1937, he was posthumously recognized as a revolutionary martyr by the Guizhou Provincial Government in 1989.
Early Life
[edit]Lu Ruiguang was born in October 1901 in Huohongluogang village in Zhenning County, Guizhou, to a Bouyei family. After his father, Lu Pinshan, moved the family to Nongran village in Zhenning County for better prospects, Lu studied at a private school in Ziyun and trained in martial arts under his elder brother. At 18, Lu married and joined his brother’s and Wang Bizhen’s armed resistance against taxation by warlords.[1]
Revolutionary career
[edit]Following the deaths of Lu Jiguang and Wang Bizhen at the hands of warlords, Lu inherited leadership of their militia. Initially, he paid off tax collectors to shield local farmers, but their relentless demands ignited his defiance. Uniting Bouyei, Miao and Han Chinese communities, Lu established a network of village checkpoints to repel warlord incursions. This earned him the loyalty of this locals, enabling rapid mobilization against the warloads.[2]
In 1923, Lu led 500 fighters in a seven-day siege of Ziyun County, ousting warlord commander Wang Yuwen, whose troops had terrorized locals. This triumph cemented Lu’s reputation as a protector of the people. In 1924, the Guizhou Security Corps, seeking to co-opt his influence, appointed him Ziyun County Security Battalion Commander. Lu exploited warlord rivalries to expand his forces, operating along the Guizhou-Guangxi border to seize weapons and supplies from passing warlord convoys.[1]
In May 1929, Lu orchestrated a bold assault on Zhenning County with over 1,000 farmers. Posing as Nationalist troops, his forces stormed the city, expelled the county magistrate, and confiscated wealth from elites, redistributing food and goods to the impoverished. This act of defiance earned Lu the title of the foremost among Ziyun’s “Four Heavenly Kings,” creating a Robin Hood-style reputation alongside Lu Yunqi, Zeng Yunqing, and Wang Yuxuan, who are celebrated as folk heroes in present-day Guizhou.[3] Lu’s disciplined leadership set him apart: he enforced strict rules against harming civilians, punished violators harshly, and won the admiration of communities for his integrity. Warlord and leader of the Guizhou clique, Wang Jialie, alarmed by Lu’s growing power, appointed him Security Commander while simultaneously backing rival Wang Zhongfang, a Bouyei leader, to sow discord and weaken both.[1][4]
Alliance with the Red Army
[edit]In April 1935, as the Chinese Red Army traversed Guizhou during the Long March, the Third Army Corps, led by Peng Dehuai and Yang Shangkun, entered Zhening. Informed of Lu’s reputation, they sought his support to navigate the region’s rugged terrain. Initially skeptical, fearing Nationalist propaganda about the Red Army, Lu hid in the mountains. However, the Red Army’s conduct and outreach from Li Fuchun, the corps’ political director, won his trust.[5]
Hosting Peng, Yang, and Li at his home in Zhenning County, Lu shared the grievances of Bouyei and other minorities under warlord rule. Inspired by the Red Army’s message for equality for miniority groups, he signed a historic agreement on 16 April 1935, pledging to oppose Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek. The Red Army gifted Lu a red flag, 36 rifles, machine guns, and grenades, leaving 12 wounded soldiers under his care, led by officer Fang Wuxian, to aid his resistance.[6]
Guided by the Communist underground in Anshun, Lu and Fang established a revolutionary base across 48 villages in the Zhenning-Guanling-Ziyun border region, organizing guerrilla forces to challenge Nationalist control. In 1936, Lu attempted to join the Red Seventh Army in Guangxi’s You River region but was repelled by Nationalist troops and retreated to Nongran.[7]
Capture and execution
[edit]Lu’s revolutionary activities drew the ire of the Nationalists. In December 1936, Sichuan warlord Yang Sen, commanding two divisions, launched a campaign to crush resistance in Zhenning and Ziyun. Using deception, Yang’s forces lured Lu into a trap, capturing him, Lu Yunqi, Zeng Yunqing, and Wang Yuxuan on December 26. In a brutal reprisal, Yang’s troops massacred over 100 villagers in Nongran, including Fang Wuxian and the remaining Red Army soldiers.[1]
Paraded through Anshun and Guiyang, Lu and his comrades were subjected to public humiliation, their collarbones pierced with iron wires.中共紫云自治县委党史研究室编,紫云红色记忆,云南人民出版社,2018.12,第278-283页。 In early 1937, Yang Sen ordered their execution in Guiyang. Lu, aged 36, and the three others were executed by firing squad. His family later retrieved his body, enduring a four-day journey to bury him in Nongran.[1]
Legacy
[edit]In 1989, the Guizhou Provincial Government posthumously declared Lu a revolutionary martyr.[5]铁木尔·达瓦买提主编,中国少数民族文化大辞典 西南地区卷,民族出版社,1998.08,第388页。 In 29 June 2015, a memorial hall honoring Lu was opened in Zhenning County.[8] On 31 July 2018, Lu's grave at Nongran village in Zhenning County was listed among the sixth batch of provincial cultural relics protection site by the Guizhou Provincial Government.[9]
Zhang Yu | |
|---|---|
章宇 | |
| Born | September 25, 1982 |
| Other names | Zhang Xin (fomerly) |
| Citizenship |  China |
| Alma mater | Guizhou University |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 2005–present |
| Height | 174 cm (5 ft 9 in) |
Early life
[edit]Zhang was born on 1982 in Duyun city in Qiannan Bouyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou. His parents and grandparents came from Chongqing to work in a bridge factory in Duyun during the Third Front Construction period. In the college entrance examination, he chose to apply for the vocal music department at Guizhou University, but ultimately failed to pass due to poor grades. He then enrolled in the drama performance major at the School of Art at Guizhou University . After graduation, he joined the Guizhou Provincial Repertory Theatre.
| Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | # | Type | Location | Aircraft flown | Unit Assigned |
| May 24, 1943 | 1 | Focke-Wulf Fw 190 | Dannenberg, Germany | North American P-51B Mustang | 503 FS, 339 FG |
| June 8, 1944 | 1 | Fw 190 | Fougères, France | P-51B | 503 FS, 339 FG |
| June 21, 1944 | 1 | Messerschmitt Me 410 | Stettin, Germany | P-51B | 503 FS, 339 FG |
| August 5, 1944 | 1 | Fw 190 | Hameln, Germany | North American P-51D Mustang | 503 FS, 339 FG |
| September 11, 1944 | 2 | Messerschmitt Bf 109 | Leipzig, Germany | P-51D | 503 FS, 339 FG |
| November 18, 1944 | 1 | Bf 109 | Mannheim, Germany | P-51D | 503 FS, 339 FG |
| November 26, 1944 | 4.5 | Fw 190 | Hanover, Germany | P-51D | 503 FS, 339 FG |
| December 31, 1944 | 1 | Fw 190 | Hamburg, Germany | P-51D | 503 FS, 339 FG |
| July 16, 1945 | 1 | Nakajima Ki-84 | Nagoya, Japan | P-51D | 458 FS, 506 FG |
- SOURCES: Air Force Historical Study 85: USAF Credits for the Destruction of Enemy Aircraft, World War II
| Joe Nowak | |
|---|---|
| Born | Józef Stefan Nowakowski November 27, 1922 Łódź, Poland |
| Area(s) | Comic book writer, editor, publisher, producer |
| Collaborators | |
| Awards | |
| Spouse(s) |
Julia Czechowski (after 1950) |
| Children | Edward Nowak Barbara Nowak Robert Nowak |
| |||
   | |||
  |
|
| |
|
  |
  | |
|
|
  | |
|
=
[edit]
| |||
| |||
 |
 |
 | |
 |
 |
| |
|
|
 | |
|
 |
 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
 | |
 |
|
 | |
 |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
.svg){kind=small}
| |
.svg){kind=small}
|
|
 | |
|
|
| |
- ^ a b c d e "陆瑞光：布依豪杰黔中四大天王之首" [Lu Ruiguang: Buyi Hero, the First of the Four Kings of Qianzhong]. buyizu.cn. June 19, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2025.
- ^ "红色记忆·温故知新 : "弄染结盟"中的少数民族自然首领陆瑞光" [Red Memory·Revisiting the Past to Learn the New: Lu Ruiguang, the Natural Leader of the Ethnic Minorities in the “Nongran Alliance”]. Sohu. July 19, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2025.
- ^ "【教育整顿 · 学先进】布依族勇士： 陆瑞光" [[Education and rectification · Learn from the advanced] Buyi warrior: Lu Ruiguang]. The Paper. April 1, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2025.
- ^ "【红色记忆】一张证明书背后的故事" [【Red Memory】The story behind a certificate]. Sohu. November 26, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2025.
- ^ a b Zhao, Qiang (February 4, 2025). "长征途中的贵州统战故事" [Guizhou United Front Story during the Long March]. cpc.people.com.cn. Retrieved April 27, 2025.
- ^ "贵州红·红色故事:弄染结盟" [Guizhou United Front Story during the Long March]. Xinhua. November 6, 2024. Retrieved April 27, 2025.
- ^ ""彝海结盟"前，"弄染结盟"同样感天动地" [Before the "Yihai Alliance", the "Nongran Alliance" was also very touching]. Xinhua Daily Telegraph. September 3, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2025.
- ^ ""宜居乡村看安顺"主题采访记者团到陆瑞光纪念馆观摩 重温红色历史文化" [The "Livable Villages in Anshun" Themed Interview Press Group Visited the Lu Ruiguang Memorial Hall to Review the Red Historical Culture]. China News Service Guizhou. December 2, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2025.
- ^ "黔府发〔2018〕20号《贵州贵州省人民政府关于公布第六批省级文物保护单位的通知》" [Guizhou Provincial People's Government Notice on the Announcement of the Sixth Batch of Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Units (No. 2018)]. Zhengzhou VIOS Foreign Investment Center. November 19, 2019. Retrieved April 27, 2025.