Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Journals cited by Wikipedia/Questionable4

Disclaimer / Warning

This is The Wikipedia CiteWatch, a bot-compiled listing of potentially cargo cult, conspiracist, denialist, fake, junk, not even wrong, obsolete, predatory, pseudoscientific, quack, or otherwise unreliable publications cited by Wikipedia through the |journal= and |doi= parameters of citation templates (see this Signpost article for details). It is based on several lists of unreliable or questionable publications (such as those compiled by Jeffrey Beall, the University Grants Commission, Quackwatch, or Wikipedia editors) and currently reflects the state of Wikipedia as of 20 April 2025. See Q9 in the FAQ for the update schedule.

This list is a starting point to detect unreliable sources which are cited by Wikipedia, but it does not answer whether it is appropriate to cite them. Due to the somewhat arbitrary nature of what exactly constitutes an unreliable source, as well as imperfect matching algorithms, the list may feature publications and publishers which...

are flat-out promoting pseudo/junk scholarship or quackery
are flat-out predatory/vanity venues, with sham peer-review processes
were once-reliable, but have since been acquired by predatory publishers
were once-unreliable, but no longer engage in problematic practices
reflect the sources' good but imperfect judgment of what is unreliable
are problematic in some areas (e.g. pseudoscience), but reliable in others (e.g. news)
are problematic in some other way (e.g. circular references, or deprecated sources)
are problematic but used in an acceptable manner (e.g. primary sources about frauds)
are misclassified because of a spelling variation (red links especially)
are misclassified because of false positives, miscategorization, or flawed bot logic
are reliable, but share names with imposter publications and publishers
are about pseudoscholarship as a topic, rather than being pseudoscholarly themselves

While many, if not most, publications and publishers on this list have some questionable aspects to their publishing practices, these can still be reliable (or be otherwise acceptable) in limited circumstances. The CiteWatch cannot determine the full context in which a source is used, therefore use common sense and judgement before removing a citation from an article (see Q8 in the FAQ). When in doubt, discuss things on the article's talk page or at the reliable sources noticeboard – especially before a mass purge of a source. The Unreliable/Predatory Source Detector user script may also interest you.

Additions and removals from the listing – including false positives – can be discussed at WT:CITEWATCH. False positives can also be directly handled at WP:JCW/EXCLUDE.

Rank	Target/Group	Entries (Citations, Articles)	Total Citations	Distinct Articles	⁠Citations/article⁠
301	International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
302	International Journal of Network Security [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Network Security (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
303	International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
304	International Journal of Research Culture Society [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research Culture Society (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
305	International Journal of Research in Education and Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research in Education and Science (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
306	International Journal of Sustainable Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Sustainable Development (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
307	International Journal of Trend in Research and Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Trend in Research and Development (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
308	Latitudes (newsletter) [Quackwatch's list]	Latitude Latitudes (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
309	Natural Health (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Naturopathy Natural Health (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
310	Pharmacognosy (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Pharmacognosy (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
311	World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research [Beall's journal list]	World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
312	World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences \| `{{doi\|10.20959}}` [Beall's journal list]	World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
313	Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (3 in 1, 2)	3	2	1.500
314	International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Research [Lying about DOAJ]	International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Research (3 in 1, 2)	3	2	1.500
315	Mathematical and Computational Applications [Beall's journal list]	List of MDPI academic journals Mathematical and Computational Applications (2 in 1) MCA (1 in 1)	3	2	1.500
316	e-journal (publisher) [Beall's publisher list]	e-journal E-Journal (3 in 1)	3	1	3.000
317	ARPN Journal of Science and Technology [Beall's journal list]	ARPN Journal of Science and Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
318	American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products [Beall's journal list]	American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
319	American Journal of Research Communication [Beall's journal list]	American Journal of Research Communication (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
320	Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
321	Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
322	Australian Journal of Business and Management Research [Beall's journal list]	Australian Journal of Business and Management Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
323	Better Nutrition [Quackwatch's list]	Outside (company) Better Nutrition (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
324	Bild [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Bild.	Bild (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
325	Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
326	Bioscience Discovery [Beall's journal list]	Bioscience Discovery (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
327	Blogger (service) [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Blogger.	Blogger (service) Blogspot (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
328	Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences [Beall's journal list] Indexed in Journal Citation Reports.	Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
329	ClinMed International Library \| `{{doi\|10.23937}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.23937` Clinical Medical Reviews and Case Reports (1 in 1) International Journal of Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
330	Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales [Lying about DOAJ]	Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
331	Current Discovery [Beall's journal list]	Current Discovery (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
332	Daily Kos [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Daily Kos.	Daily Kos (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
333	Distractify [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Distractify.	Distractify (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
334	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering [Beall's journal list]	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
335	European Chemical Bulletin [Beall's journal list]	European Chemical Bulletin (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
336	European Journal of Natural History [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Natural History (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
337	GRDS Publishing \| `{{doi\|10.20319}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.20319` PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
338	Galaxy: International Multidisciplinary Research Journal [Beall's journal list]	Galaxy: International Multidisciplinary Research Journal (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
339	Gawker [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Gawker.	Gawker (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
340	Hiperboreea Journal [Beall's journal list]	Hiperboreea Journal (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
341	Indian Society for Education and Environment \| `{{doi\|10.17485}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.17485` Indian Journal of Science and Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
342	Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
343	International Education and Research Journal [Beall's journal list]	International Education and Research Journal (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
344	International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management [Beall's journal list]	International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
345	International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
346	International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
347	International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
348	International Journal of Arts and Commerce [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Arts and Commerce (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
349	International Journal of Bioassays [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Bioassays (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
350	International Journal of Business and Information [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Business and Information (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
351	International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security [Beall's journal list · Lying about DOAJ]	International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
352	International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
353	International Journal of Digital Library Services [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Digital Library Services (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
354	International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
355	International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
356	International Journal of Engineering Inventions [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Inventions (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
357	International Journal of Governance [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Governance (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
358	International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
359	International Journal of Information Research and Review [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Information Research and Review (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
360	International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
361	International Journal of Law and Legal Jurisprudence Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Law and Legal Jurisprudence Studies (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
362	International Journal of Mosquito Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Mosquito Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
363	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
364	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
365	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
366	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
367	International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
368	International Journal of Renewable Energy Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
369	International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
370	International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
371	International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research \| `{{doi\|10.56098}}` [[1]]	International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
372	International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
373	Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
374	Journal of Applied Linguistics [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Applied Linguistics (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
375	Journal of Coastal Life Medicine [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Coastal Life Medicine (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
376	Journal of Critical Reviews [Lying about DOAJ]	Journal of Critical Reviews (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
377	Journal of Education, Health and Sport [Lying about DOAJ]	Journal of Education, Health and Sport (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
378	Journal of English Language and Literature [Beall's journal list]	Journal of English Language and Literature (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
379	Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
380	Journal of Experimental Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Experimental Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
381	Journal of Information Management [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Information Management (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
382	Journal of Language and Literature [Beall's journal list]	Graeme Davis (mediaevalist) Journal of Language and Literature (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
383	Journal of Longevity [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Longevity (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
384	Journal of Novel Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Novel Applied Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
385	Journal of Science [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Science (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
386	Mashable [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Mashable sponsored content.	Mashable (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
387	Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods [Beall's journal list]	Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
388	Patheos [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Patheos.	Patheos (1 in 1) Patheos.com (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
389	Romanian Biotechnological Letters [Beall's journal list]	Romanian Biotechnological Letters (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
390	SciAlert.net \| `{{doi\|10.3923}}` · `{{doi\|10.5567}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.3923` Journal of Entomology (1 in 1) Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
391	Sensors & Transducers Journal [Beall's journal list]	Sensors & Transducers Journal (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
392	Social Science Journals [Beall's publisher list / update]	Social Science Journals Social Sciences Journal (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
393	Edupedia Publications \| `{{doi\|10.26643}}` [Beall's publisher list / update]	`doi=10.26643` Think India (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
394	Fluoride (journal) [Quackwatch's list]	Fluoride (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
395	Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
396	Massage Therapy Journal [Quackwatch's list]	Massage Therapy Journal (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
397	Academic Journals \| `{{doi\|10.5897}}` [Beall's publisher list]	Academic Journals Academic Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
398	Academic Research Publishing Group \| `{{doi\|10.32861}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.32861` Journal of Agriculture and Crops (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
399	Academicians' Research Center \| `{{doi\|10.20431}}` [Beall's publisher list] [2]	ARC (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
400	Acta Medica International [Beall's journal list]	List of Medknow Publications academic journals Acta Medica International (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000

Legend

Title (bold link) : page existed at time of database dump
Title (bold underlined link) : page existed, as a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (italicized link) : page existed, as a redirect, at time of database dump
Title (italicized underlined link) : page existed, as a redirect to a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (regular blue link) page did not exist at time of database dump
Title (non-link) : title contains invalid characters for a Wikipedia page title
Title (redlink): A red link means the article does not currently exist. This is either because the corresponding article did not exist at the time of the dump (regular red link), or has since been deleted (red link with formatting).
In an entry like The Foobar Journal (13 in 6), the "13 in 6" means that the entry was found 13 times in 6 article. When an entry is found in 5 or fewer articles, they will be listed for convenience.

Date

Compilation last updated on 28 April 2025. The Wikipedia CiteWatch results are based on the database dump of 20 April 2025, using this configuration, with these exclusions.

← Questionable3	Current Questionable4	→ Questionable5