Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Journals cited by Wikipedia/Questionable3

Disclaimer / Warning

This is The Wikipedia CiteWatch, a bot-compiled listing of potentially cargo cult, conspiracist, denialist, fake, junk, not even wrong, obsolete, predatory, pseudoscientific, quack, or otherwise unreliable publications cited by Wikipedia through the |journal= and |doi= parameters of citation templates (see this Signpost article for details). It is based on several lists of unreliable or questionable publications (such as those compiled by Jeffrey Beall, the University Grants Commission, Quackwatch, or Wikipedia editors) and currently reflects the state of Wikipedia as of 1 May 2025. See Q9 in the FAQ for the update schedule.

This list is a starting point to detect unreliable sources which are cited by Wikipedia, but it does not answer whether it is appropriate to cite them. Due to the somewhat arbitrary nature of what exactly constitutes an unreliable source, as well as imperfect matching algorithms, the list may feature publications and publishers which...

are flat-out promoting pseudo/junk scholarship or quackery
are flat-out predatory/vanity venues, with sham peer-review processes
were once-reliable, but have since been acquired by predatory publishers
were once-unreliable, but no longer engage in problematic practices
reflect the sources' good but imperfect judgment of what is unreliable
are problematic in some areas (e.g. pseudoscience), but reliable in others (e.g. news)
are problematic in some other way (e.g. circular references, or deprecated sources)
are problematic but used in an acceptable manner (e.g. primary sources about frauds)
are misclassified because of a spelling variation (red links especially)
are misclassified because of false positives, miscategorization, or flawed bot logic
are reliable, but share names with imposter publications and publishers
are about pseudoscholarship as a topic, rather than being pseudoscholarly themselves

While many, if not most, publications and publishers on this list have some questionable aspects to their publishing practices, these can still be reliable (or be otherwise acceptable) in limited circumstances. The CiteWatch cannot determine the full context in which a source is used, therefore use common sense and judgement before removing a citation from an article (see Q8 in the FAQ). When in doubt, discuss things on the article's talk page or at the reliable sources noticeboard – especially before a mass purge of a source. The Unreliable/Predatory Source Detector user script may also interest you.

Additions and removals from the listing – including false positives – can be discussed at WT:CITEWATCH. False positives can also be directly handled at WP:JCW/EXCLUDE.

Rank	Target/Group	Entries (Citations, Articles)	Total Citations	Distinct Articles	⁠Citations/article⁠
201	MedCrave \| `{{doi\|10.15406}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.15406` International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology (1 in 1) Journal of Anesthesia and Critical Care: Open Access (1 in 1) Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences (1 in 1) Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology (2 in 1, 2) Medcrave Online (1 in 1) Physics & Astronomy International Journal (1 in 1)	7	7	1.000
202	Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies [Beall's journal list]	Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
203	Self (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Self (6 in 6) Self Magazine (1 in 1)	7	7	1.000
204	Source Journals [Beall's publisher list]	Source (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
205	Whole Living [Quackwatch's list] QW lists it under 'Body & Soul', a former name.	Whole Living Body & Soul (1 in 1) Body + Soul (1 in 1) New Age Journal (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	7	7	1.000
206	International Journal of Education and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Education and Research (7 in 6)	7	6	1.167
207	International Journal of Human Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Human Sciences (7 in 6)	7	6	1.167
208	Physics Essays \| `{{doi\|10.4006}}` [—] Publishes quantum woo and relativity denial nonsense that could not possibly have passed meaningful peer-review.	Physics Essays (7 in 6)	7	6	1.167
209	Prevention (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Prevention (6 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Prevention Magazine (1 in 1)	7	6	1.167
210	Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies [Beall's journal list]	Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
211	International Journal of Advanced Academic Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advanced Academic Research (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
212	International Journal of Applied Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Applied Research (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
213	International Journal of Economics and Finance [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Economics and Finance (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
214	International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
215	International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
216	International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
217	International Journal of Nanotechnology [Lying about DOAJ] Not the Inderscience journal	International Journal of Nanotechnology (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
218	International Journal of Pharmacognosy [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmacognosy (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
219	International Journal of Sanskrit Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Sanskrit Research (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
220	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
221	Journal of Research in Biology [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Research in Biology (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
222	Progress in Physics [Beall's journal list]	Progress in Physics (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
223	International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (6 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	6	5	1.200
224	International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies (6 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	6	5	1.200
225	International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences (6 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	6	5	1.200
226	International Journal of Innovative Research and Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative Research and Development (6 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	6	5	1.200
227	Phcog.Net \| `{{doi\|10.5530}}` [Beall's journal list / update]	`doi=10.5530` Journal of Scientometric Research (4 in 1, 2) Pharmacognosy Journal (1 in 1) Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy (1 in 1)	6	4	1.500
228	Hygeia (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Hygieia Hygeia (6 in 1, 2, 3)	6	3	2.000
229	Cambridge Scholars Publishing [Beall's publisher list / update]	CSP (6 in 1, 2)	6	2	3.000
230	Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research [Beall's journal list / update]	Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research (6 in 1)	6	1	6.000
231	Center for Promoting Ideas \| `{{doi\|10.30845}}` [Beall's publisher list]	Center for Promoting Ideas (1 in 1) International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	5	5	1.000
232	European Journal of Educational Research [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Educational Research (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
233	International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
234	International Journal of Art & Humanity Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Art & Humanity Science (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
235	International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
236	International Journal of Environment [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Environment (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
237	International Journal of Modern Engineering Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
238	International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
239	International Journal of Zoology Studies [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Zoology Studies (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
240	Journal of Financial Education [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Financial Education (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
241	Nutrition Health Review [Quackwatch's list]	Nutrition Health Review (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
242	Scientific World [Beall's journal list]	Scientific World (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
243	Tehnički Vjesnik [Beall's journal list]	Technical Gazette (3 in 1, 2, 3) Tehnički Vjesnik (2 in 1, 2)	5	5	1.000
244	The New American [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#The New American.	The New American (3 in 1, 2, 3) American Opinion (2 in 1, 2)	5	5	1.000
245	Tropical Plant Research [Beall's journal list]	Tropical Plant Research (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
246	Flex (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Flex (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	5	4	1.250
247	Innovative Publication \| `{{doi\|10.18231}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.18231` IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics (1 in 1) IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research (1 in 1) Journal of Contemporary Orthodontics (1 in 1) Journal of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology (1 in 1) The Journal of Dental Panacea (1 in 1)	5	4	1.250
248	International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	5	4	1.250
249	Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	5	4	1.250
250	WikiLeaks [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#WikiLeaks.	WikiLeaks (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	5	4	1.250
251	International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (5 in 1, 2, 3)	5	3	1.667
252	Sryahwa Publications \| `{{doi\|10.22259}}` [Beall's publisher list / update]	`doi=10.22259` Archives of Dentistry and Oral Health (1 in 1) Archives of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (3 in 1) Journal of Zoological Research (1 in 1)	5	3	1.667
253	Journal of Medical Research [Beall's journal list]	The American Journal of Pathology Journal of Medical Research (5 in 1, 2)	5	2	2.500
254	Academic Exchange Quarterly [Beall's journal list]	Academic Exchange Quarterly (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
255	David Publishing \| `{{doi\|10.17265}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.17265` Journal of Cultural and Religious Studies (1 in 1) Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering (1 in 1) Journal of Literature and Art Studies (2 in 1, 2)	4	4	1.000
256	Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease [Beall's journal list / update]	List of Dove Medical Press academic journals Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
257	International Journal of Biotechnology [Lying about DOAJ] Not the Inderscience journal	International Journal of Biotechnology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
258	International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing [Beall's journal list · Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
259	International Journal of Education and Social Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Education and Social Science (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
260	International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
261	International Journal of English and Education [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of English and Education (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
262	International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
263	International Journal of Environmental Science and Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Environmental Science and Development (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
264	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science [Lying about DOAJ]	Center for Promoting Ideas International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
265	International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
266	International Journal of Management [Lying about DOAJ · Beall's publisher list]	International Journal of Management (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
267	International Journal of Medicine and Public Health [Beall's journal list / update]	List of Medknow Publications academic journals International Journal of Medicine and Public Health (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
268	International Journal of Social Science and Humanity [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Social Science and Humanity (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
269	International Journal of Sustainable Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Sustainable Development (3 in 1, 2, 3) OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development (1 in 1)	4	4	1.000
270	Jewish Virtual Library [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Jewish Virtual Library.	Jewish Virtual Library (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
271	Journal of Computers [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Computers (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
272	Journal of Computing [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Computing (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
273	Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology [Lying about DOAJ] Not the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers journal	Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
274	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
275	Life Extension (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Life extension Life Extension (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
276	Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
277	Mothering (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Mothering (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
278	Nursing and Midwifery Studies [Beall's journal list / update]	List of Medknow Publications academic journals Nursing and Midwifery Studies (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
279	Research Directions [Beall's journal list]	Research Directions (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
280	ScienceDomain International \| `{{doi\|10.9734}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.9734` Annual Research & Review in Biology (1 in 1) Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology (2 in 1, 2) British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (1 in 1)	4	4	1.000
281	Global Journal for Research Analysis [Beall's journal list]	Global Journal for Research Analysis (4 in 1, 2, 3)	4	3	1.333
282	Libertas Academica [Beall's publisher list*] Listed on Beall's list in 2010, but later removed.	Libertas Academica Analytical Chemistry Insights (4 in 1, 2, 3)	4	3	1.333
283	Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal [Beall's journal list]	Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (4 in 1, 2, 3)	4	3	1.333
284	Journal of Scientometric Research [Beall's journal list / update]	List of Medknow Publications academic journals Journal of Scientometric Research (4 in 1, 2)	4	2	2.000
285	Alive (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Alive (1 in 1) Alive Magazine (2 in 1, 2)	3	3	1.000
286	American Journal of Social Issues and Humanities [Beall's journal list]	American Journal of Social Issues and Humanities (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
287	Anglisticum [Beall's journal list]	Anglisticum (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
288	Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
289	European Journal of Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Chemistry (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
290	European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine [Beall's journal list / update]	European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
291	Fake news [Unreliable fields]	Infotainment Hardnews (1 in 1) National Report (1 in 1) Stephen Glass The Fabulist (1 in 1)	3	3	1.000
292	Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal [Beall's journal list]	Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
293	Health Watch [Quackwatch's list]	Health Watch (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
294	Indian Journal of Science and Technology [Lying about DOAJ]	Indian Journal of Science and Technology (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
295	International Journal of Applied Information Systems [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Applied Information Systems (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
296	International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security [Beall's journal list · Lying about DOAJ]	International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
297	International Journal of Electrochemical Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Electrochemical Science (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
298	International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
299	International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
300	International Journal of English Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of English Research (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000

Legend

Title (bold link) : page existed at time of database dump
Title (bold underlined link) : page existed, as a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (italicized link) : page existed, as a redirect, at time of database dump
Title (italicized underlined link) : page existed, as a redirect to a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (regular blue link) page did not exist at time of database dump
Title (non-link) : title contains invalid characters for a Wikipedia page title
Title (redlink): A red link means the article does not currently exist. This is either because the corresponding article did not exist at the time of the dump (regular red link), or has since been deleted (red link with formatting).
In an entry like The Foobar Journal (13 in 6), the "13 in 6" means that the entry was found 13 times in 6 article. When an entry is found in 5 or fewer articles, they will be listed for convenience.

Date

Compilation last updated on 7 May 2025. The Wikipedia CiteWatch results are based on the database dump of 1 May 2025, using this configuration, with these exclusions.

← Questionable2	Current Questionable3	→ Questionable4